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June 15, 2009
   
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Dengue heaven: Water sits still for days after a rainfall at the bus stop in the Caribbean coast town of Cahuita. Researchers have identified the climatic conditions conducive to outbreaks of dengue fever.

Alex Leff | Tico Times

| Previous Daily News

Sele of the future: Heredia's junior soccer team celebrates a goal Saturday in the " Third Rotational Cup: A Goal Against Adversity" event organized in part by United Nations Children's Fund, in which 200 kids from across Costa Rica played at Villa Olímpica in the southern San José neighborhood of Desamparados.

Ronald Reyes | Tico Times

Costa Rica issues alert Level 3 as Arenal Volcano spews vapor
Scientists from the University of Costa Rica (UCR) and the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) raised the volcanic alert of the Arenal Volcano in the north-central region of La Fortuna from 2b to 3 on a 4-level scale, according to a UCR press release on Friday.
New study can predict next Costa Rica dengue fever outbreak
Scientists have developed a model to predict the next outbreak of dengue fever in Costa Rica.
Cops arrested in Costa Rica cocaine theft
Costa Rica authorities have detained eight people, including three National Police officers, suspected of involvement in the theft of 320 kilograms of cocaine from the Prosecutor's Office in the Southern Zone town of Golfito last M arch.
3 in 10 of Costa Rica's seniors face discrimination or abuse
As an organization working with adultos mayores (seniors) dips further into studies about Costa Rica's oldest citizens, they are finding that neglect, abuse and discrimination is a fact of life for many.
The Random Element

I left home on my 21st birthday, with a shiny new diploma in my pocket and a firm determination to break into the burgeoning new world of electronics. That was before transistors and lasers, even before public television, but there was a kind of roiling of the waters, as if a mighty giant were about to emerge, and I wanted to be a part of it.

 

Costa Rica issues alert Level 3
as Arenal Volcano spews vapor
By Mike McDonald
Tico Times Staff | mmcdonald@ticotimes.net

Scientists from the University of Costa Rica (UCR) and the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) raised the volcanic alert of the Arenal Volcano in the north-central region of La Fortuna from 2b to 3 on a 4-level scale, according to a UCR press release on Friday.

Level 3, or “yellow alert,” means a probable eruption or strong changes in the eruption patterns in the next 10 days, upcoming weeks, or few months, according to the Costa Rica States of Volcanic Alert Scale, also issued to The Tico Times Friday.

Arenal could show “significant variations in the development of the volcanic process,” which could result in “an explosive eruption or damaging lava and rock flows.”

The alert upgrade comes after scientists reported an increase in vapor explosions, known as phreatic eruptions, since early March. After two and a half months of such activity, pyroclastic flows – fast moving currents of hot gas and rock – could begin to occur, one of the reasons for the alert.

Scientists from the UCR and ICE are working closely with the National Emergency Commission and local emergency committees in La Fortuna and San Carlos to keep residents updated on the implications of the yellow alert.

Both Poás and Turrialba volcanoes have demonstrated phreatic eruptions in the past three years. The National Seismologic System and the UCR's geological investigation center have installed permanent vigilance systems in both locations.

New study can predict next
Costa Rica dengue fever outbreak
By Chrissie Long
Tico Times Staff | clong@ticotimes.net

Scientists have developed a model to predict the next outbreak of dengue fever in Costa Rica.

Using a combination of ocean temperatures and vegetation measures, their research can detect when and where dengue fever will arise up to 40 weeks in advance.

Because the mosquito that carries the virus requires a very specific climate, by identifying when such climatic conditions will arise, scientists can pinpoint at-risk areas.

"With this knowledge, (health officials) can potentially take extra precautionary measures in getting the message out there to use more bug spray, don't let water stand, wear more protective clothes, etc." said Douglas Fuller, University of Miami associate professor and the study's co-author.

Though his team of researchers has not projected out to 2009 and 2010, Fuller is hoping their initial research will help them find the funding and support to do so. Eventually, he hopes to conduct similar studies in Brazil and the Dominican Republic.

"(Dengue fever) has become a raging problem," said Fuller. "The number of cases is out of control in many parts of Latin America, especially Brazil. Even with our predictions, this is a multifaceted problem and it's going to take many years to solve."

Dengue fever cases have surged in recent years, and are only recently beginning to level out as health officials become more aware of prevention measures.

According to numbers recently released in May by the Health Ministry, the number of dengue fever cases in Costa Rica dropped by 46.7 percent in the first 17 weeks of this year (compared to 2008), which health officials attributed to "prevention and control actions" (TT Daily News, May 13).

Most of the cases this year have been located in the central Pacific region (668), followed by the Caribbean province of Limón (161) and the northwestern Nicoya peninsula (99).

Though often lumped together as two mosquito-borne diseases found in tropical areas, dengue fever and malaria are very different in terms of symptoms and in the ways they are spread.

Because malaria-carrying mosquitoes are most active at night, precautionary measures include bed netting and medication. Dengue fever-carrying mosquitoes are active during the day and more often found in urban areas. T he disease's transmission can be prevented with bug spray and a layering of clothes, but – unlike malaria – there is no preventive pill.

Symptoms for dengue include a severe headache, muscle and joint pains, fever and a bright red rash. Malaria is characterized by fever, chills and nausea.

Cops arrested in Costa Rica cocaine theft

Costa Rica authorities have detained eight people, including three National Police officers, suspected of involvement in the theft of 320 kilograms of cocaine from the Prosecutor's Office in the Southern Zone town of Golfito last M arch.

Judicial Investigation Police Director Jorge Rojas has confirmed the arrests of eight Costa Rican nationals, which took place Saturday, along with the seizure of $306,000, €18,500 ($25,865) and ¢2.6 million ($4,500) in cash as well as four vehicles.

The arrests took place in Ciudad Ne i ly, a town located approximately midway between Golfito and the Panamanian border.

The authorities believe the $306,000 could have been used as a pay-off to the police for the confiscated cocaine, which was s ei zed from a boat off Playa Sirena, near Corcovado National Park on the Southern Zone's Osa Peninsula, during a police sting earlier in March in which two Ecuadoreans were arrested.

On March 26, for the first time in Costa Rica's history, a group of armed assailants raided the government office and stole the drugs.

Costa Rican officials expressed dismay following the arrest of National Police.

"These gentlemen are not police, they are infiltrating criminals," Oldemar Madrigal, security vice minister, told the daily La Nación.

 Click here for Tico Times reporting on drug trafficking in Costa Rica.

-EFE
3 in 10 of Costa Rica's seniors
face discrimination or abuse
By Chrissie Long
Tico Times Staff | clong@ticotimes.net

As an organization working with adultos mayores (seniors) dips further into studies about Costa Rica's oldest citizens, they are finding that neglect, abuse and discrimination is a fact of life for many.

The National Council for Older Adults' (CONAPAM) most recent study discovered that three of every 10 seniors are abused (whether physically, psychologically or in some other way.

Last year, more than 1,000 elderly people reported being victims of abuse, with the greatest number (176) suffering from abandonment or neglect.

"If we don't fix this now, it will affect all of us soon," said Emiliana Rivera, executive director of the organization. "But it's not only laws or a change in labor practices that will improve the situation ; we need to create a culture of respect among families and society."

In 2008, the organization received 51 reports of physical abuse, 162 reports of psychological abuse, 162 reports of financial abuse (involving fraud or other scams), 131 reports of institutional abuse and 479 cases that fell outside the listed categories. Women reported problems more often than men, but this could be because women live longer, said representatives from CONAPAM.

The organization has been tracking reported cases of abuse since 2005, and has noticed an increase in reported cases. This increase can be viewed in a positive light as indicat ing more people are seeking help, they say.

On Monday, the organization will march in front of the San José courts to bring attention to the conditions that many older adults face.

"They played a great role in constructing the country that we all enjoy today," said Zolema Villalta, advisor to CONAPAM. "But many of them have lost hope for the future... We need to give them renewed hope."

Please send us your letters, 500 words or fewer, to letters@ticotimes.net for Costa Rica issues or letters@nicatimes.net for Nicaragua and the Central American and Caribbean region. Thanks!
The Random Element

I left home on my 21st birthday, with a shiny new diploma in my pocket and a firm determination to break into the burgeoning new world of electronics. That was before transistors and lasers, even before public television, but there was a kind of roiling of the waters, as if a mighty giant were about to emerge, and I wanted to be a part of it.

Minutes before I left, my father emerged from his study and beckoned me in. He was then about 60, a Victorian to his fingertips, who occupied the chair of natural sciences at Kings, and who was always so wholly engrossed in developing the field of statistical inference that he had little time for his family. But evidently my mother had told him he would probably never see me again, and now he was prepared to give me five minutes of his time.

“My boy,” he said, “the study of mathematics is not conducive to the establishment of a fortune, so you will have to await your patrimony until I am gone. But I will give you now a piece of advice that I have found useful and that I trust will help you find your way in the world. It is: ‘When anything happens that cannot be undone, it is always attributable to the introduction of a random element, akin to that introduced by shuffling.'”

With that, he rested his hand briefly on my shoulder and then turned back to his desk. I didn't bother to say good-bye, as I knew his attention was already elsewhere, and I still regret that I slammed the front door as I left, muttering under my breath about parsimonious prigs.

I spent the next couple of years learning my trade, only to find that the field was developing so fast it looked like I would never be able to draw breath, and I began to realize the best I could do was to master a small part of it. For the first time, I recalled my father's last words to me and began to wonder what they meant. Eventually, I figured he was recommending the study of statistics, so, if only to save something from the wreck of our relationship, I started to read up on the subject.

Fortunately, his real gift to me was what I can only call a friendship with math. I could see how the new Boolean algebra could be used to make computers undertake the endless calculations needed to utilize complex mathematical models: of fluid flow in oil reservoirs, of the flow of air over airplane wings and a thousand other hitherto incalculable processes.

Right at that time, my father died and I inherited his notes on statistical inference. He had demonstrated that the huge body of mathematics developed to describe random processes could be applied, within limits, to virtually any causal relationship. Bingo! I never looked back, and was soon advising a hundred corporations how to predict performance, of ships and cars, airplanes and dams, without ever spending a dime on construction.

So I take back what I said about Dad; he gave me the world, though he never knew it.

 
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